Evolução da Representação Fotográfica das Mulheres nas Primeiras Páginas da Imprensa Espanhola (1977–1997): Uma Análise Comparativa do ABC e do El País
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.48(2025).6429Palavras-chave:
estudos de género, análise de conteúdo visual, fotografias, primeiras páginas, transição espanholaResumo
O objetivo desta investigação é analisar a evolução da representação fotográfica das mulheres nas primeiras páginas dos jornais ABC e El País, com base numa amostra por conveniência de todas as edições de março entre 1977 e 1997. O método de investigação utilizado foi a análise de conteúdo visual (Neuendorf, 2017). As unidades de análise foram obtidas através dos arquivos digitais dos jornais, especificamente das secções de arquivo das primeiras páginas. Das 1.300 primeiras páginas examinadas, 242 fotografias incluíam mulheres. Para além da dimensão quantitativa, também foram considerados os aspetos interpretativos da representação visual. Esta abordagem dupla permite não só medir frequências, como compreender as implicações culturais e ideológicas das representações. A presença de mulheres nas primeiras páginas continua a ser minoritária em comparação com a dos homens, normalmente não ultrapassando 10–15%. Os resultados revelam que o ABC reforça os papéis tradicionais e a representação decorativa das mulheres, enquanto o El País destaca a sua presença política e laboral, embora com ênfase na vitimização. A análise evidencia como estas fotografias moldaram uma narrativa visual de género na imprensa, restringindo a visibilidade e o reconhecimento das mulheres nas esferas política e profissional. A extrapolação destes resultados para o presente mostra que os estereótipos visuais persistem, sendo reproduzidos não só em ambientes digitais, como também em imagens geradas por inteligência artificial.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Ana María Zafra Arroyo
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