“Não Se Pode Guardar em Algodão, Nem Embalar em Seda”: Experiências de Jornalistas Sámi na Cobertura da Violência Sexual

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.48(2025).6432

Palavras-chave:

sámi , jornalismo sobre violência sexual, experiência, jornalismo indígena

Resumo

Este artigo analisa as experiências internas de jornalistas indígenas sámi ao reportarem sobre violência sexual na sua terra natal, Sápmi, uma região que abrange as áreas do Norte da Noruega, da Suécia e da Finlândia, bem como a Península de Kola, na Rússia. Com base em entrevistas a nove jornalistas sámi e na análise de 30 artigos de publicações noticiosas sámi, o estudo identifica os desafios que enfrentam no exercício da atividade jornalística. Estes desafios incluem experiências de ambientes de trabalho hostis e um desconforto profundo, quase indescritível, perante a possibilidade de encontrar os sujeitos das suas reportagens em “arenas” não profissionais (Clarke et al., 2018), como supermercados ou casamentos. Recorrendo à análise situacional, o estudo explora de que forma estes desafios são também de natureza relacional, inseridos em mundos sociais em constante interação. Embora não tenham sido explicitamente questionadas sobre as suas próprias experiências de assédio, cinco das seis jornalistas sámi relataram ter sido alvo de assédio sexual no local de trabalho, referindo algumas que tal teve impacto na sua cobertura da violência sexual. Algumas dessas participantes afirmaram que os incidentes não as afetaram, enquanto outras descreveram impactos negativos duradouros na sua autoestima e tentativas recentes para discutir as suas experiências com colegas jornalistas. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de uma maior atenção académica às complexas dimensões internas e relacionais da vida profissional dos jornalistas indígenas.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia Autor

Svea Vikander, University of the Basque Country, Bilbau, Espanha

Svea Vikander é investigadora e produtora de média, especializada em trauma psicológico e narrativa. O seu trabalho de doutoramento sobre a segurança dos jornalistas na Universidade do País Basco (Espanha) é influenciado pela sua formação académica em Psicologia (mestrado, 2015) e em Estudos de Jornalismo Indígena (mestrado, 2020). É membro do grupo de investigação AI and Journalism Resource Centre do OsloMet, onde explora de que forma a inteligência artificial influencia os média, particularmente no jornalismo de investigação.

Referências

Archetti, C. (2022). Researching experience in journalism: Theory, method, and creative practice. Journalism Studies, 23(8), 974–997. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2022.2061576

Aslaksen, E. A. (2018, January 30). Slo alarm om seksuell trakassering i det samiske nasjonalteateret. NRK Sápmi. https://www.nrk.no/sapmi/slo-alarm-om-seksuell-trakassering-i-det-samiske-nasjonalteateret-1.13852583

Benedictis, S. D., Orgad, S., & Rottenberg, C. (2019). #Metoo, popular feminism and the news: A content analysis of UK newspaper coverage. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 22(5–6), 718–738. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549419856831

Bjørnback, J. H. (2018, November 29). — Opplevde meg selv som lite verdt etter overgrepet. Ságat. https://www.sagat.no/opplevde-meg-selv-som-lite-verdt-etter-overgrepet/19.14948

Boine, M., & Gaup, B. S. (2018, January 31). Seksuell trakassering hindrer henne ikke i å komme tilbake. NRK Sápmi. https://www.nrk.no/sapmi/sarakka-gaup-sier-hun-opplevde-seksuell-trakassering-pa-det-samiske-nasjonalteateret-1.13889545

Bongo, B. A. (2012). “Samer snakker ikke om helse og sykdom”: Samisk forståelseshorisont og kommunikasjon om helse og sykdom: En kvalitativ undersøkelse i samisk kultur [Doctoral dissertation, University of Tromsø].

Bowd, K. (2005). Country newspaper journalists’ perceptions of the influence of “localness” professional practice. Australian Journalism Review, 27(2), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.3316/ielapa.200600388

Byrd, A. (2019, May 31). The Me Too movement in Indigenous communities. COLORLINES. https://www.colorlines.com/articles/read-me-too-movement-indigenous-communities

Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. SAGE.

Císařová, L. W. (2017). The voice of the locality. Masarykova univerzita nakladatelství.

Clarke, A. E., Friese, C., & Washburn, R. (2018). Situational analysis: Grounded theory after the interpretive turn. SAGE.

Clough, P. T., & Halley, J. (Eds.). (2007). The affective turn: Theorizing the social. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11316pw

Cottle, S. (2000). Introduction: Media research and ethnic minorities: Mapping the field. In S. Cottle (Ed.), Ethnic minorities and the media (pp. 1–30). Open University Press.

Deuze, M., & Glitsos, L. (2024). What journalism feels like: Considering the body of the journalist. Journalism and Media, 5(4), 1851–1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040112

Edwards, L. (2020). Public sexual harassment and its effects on perception of safety and cognitive hypervigilance [Master’s thesis, University of Chicago].

Eriksen, A. M. A., Hansen, K. L., Javo, C., & Schei, B. (2015). Emotional, physical and sexual violence among Sami and non-Sami populations in Norway: The SAMINOR 2 questionnaire study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 43(6), 588–596. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494815585936

Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1980). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.

Gonzalez, R. A. (2020). Journalism in violent times: Mexican journalists’ responses to threats and aggressions. In S. Jamil (Ed.), Handbook of research on combating threats to media freedom and journalist safety (pp. 278–297). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1298-2.ch015

Gowland, R., & Halcrow, S. (Eds.). (2019). The mother-infant nexus in anthropology: Small beginnings, significant outcomes. Springer Nature.

Groot, M. de, Schaafsma, J., Castelain, T., Malinowska, K., Mann, L., Ohtsubo, Y., Wulandari, M. T. A., Bataineh, R. F., Fry, D. P., Goudbeek, M., & Suryani, A. (2021). Group-based shame, guilt, and regret across cultures. European Journal of Social Psychology, 51(7), 1198–1212. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2808

Han, K.-H. (2016). The feeling of “face” in Confucian society: From a perspective of psychosocial equilibrium. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article 1055. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01055

Hanusch, F. (2013). Charting a theoretical framework for examining Indigenous journalism culture. Media International Australia, 149(1), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1314900110

Hartley, J. M., & Askanius, T. (2020). Activist-journalism and the norm of objectivity: Role performance in the reporting of the #MeToo movement in Denmark and Sweden. Journalism Practice, 15, 860–877. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1805792

Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1992). Primitive emotional contagion. In M. S. Clarke (Ed.), Emotion and social behavior (pp. 151–177). SAGE.

Hewa, N. (2024). “You have to feed the beast”: Sexual violence news coverage in the digital age [Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto].

Hochschild, A. R. (1979). Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure. The American Journal of Sociology, 85(3), 551–575.

Hu, Y. (2023). How media resources and power relations define critical reporting in China: A longitudinal analysis of the Beijing news’ corruption coverage between 2004 and 2018. Journalism Studies, 24(11), 1377–1397. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2023.2216789

Ijäs, A. J. (2012). Samer i to norske nyhetsmedier: En undersøkelse av saker med samisk hovedfokus i Nordlys og Dagsrevyen i perioden 1970-2000. Sámi Instituhtta.

Jensen, E. M. (2019). Diasporic Indigeneity and storytelling across media: A case study of narratives of early twentieth century Sámi immigrant women [Doctoral dissertation, Arctic University of Norway]. Norwegian Research Information Repository. https://munin.uit.no/handle/10037/15353

Kae, S. (2023, October 30). Why boundaries are important for Indigenous people in the workplace. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/indigenous-workplace-boundaries-1.7007346

Kikutani, M., Ikemoto, M., Park, E.-J., & Rogers, K. (2024). Cognitive and behavioral variations within the collectivistic cultural sphere: Comparing Japanese and Koreans’ other views and the influence on emotion processing. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 4(2), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1197

Kotišová, J. (2019). The elephant in the newsroom: Current research on journalism and emotion. Sociology Compass, 13(5), Article e12677. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12677

Kotišová, J. (2025). Journalism and embodied knowledge: Conceptualizing affective epistemology and epistemic affordances of emotions and affect across news beats. Journalism Studies, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2025.2495726

Kunst, J. R., Bailey, A., Prendergast, C., & Gundersen, A. (2018). Sexism, rape myths and feminist identification explain gender differences in attitudes toward the #metoo social media campaign in two countries. Media Psychology, 22(5), 818–843. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2018.1532300

Kuokkanen, R. (2015). Gendered violence and politics in Indigenous communities. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 17(2), 271–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2014.901816

Markelin, L., & Husband, C. (2013). Contemporary dynamics of Sámi media in the Nordic states. Media International Australia, 149(1), 70–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1314900109

Meijer, I. C. (2019). Journalism, audiences, and news experience. In K. Wahl-Jorgensen & T. Hanitzsch (Eds.), The handbook of journalism studies (pp. 389–405). Routledge.

Mellado, C., & Mothes, C. (2020). Measuring the link between professional role conceptions, perceived role enactment, and journalistic role performance across countries. In C. Mellado (Ed.), Beyond journalistic norms: Role performance and news in comparative perspective (pp. 147–166). Routledge.

Miller, J. G., Goyal, N., & Wice, M. (2017). A cultural psychology of agency: Morality, motivation, and reciprocity. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(5), 867–875. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617706099

Mutsvairo, B., Borges-Rey, E., Bebawi, S., Márquez-Ramírez, M., Mellado, C., Mabweazara, H. M., Demeter, M., Głowacki, M., Badr, H., & Thussu, D. (2021). Ontologies of journalism in the Global South. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 98(4), 996–1016. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990211048883

Nordlund, E., & Algurén, V. (2020). Nya tider efter #metooEn kvalitativ textanalys av hur Aftonbladet förändrat sitt fokus efter #metoo [Master’s thesis, Karlstad University].

Oskal, S. M. R. (2016, November 18). Govat ledje govvejuvvon feasttain, go leat bihkka gárremiin, ja go leat seanggas muhtun nieiddain. Ávvir. https://www.avvir.no/govat-ledje-govvejuvvon-feasttain-go-leat-bihkka-garremiin-ja-go-leat-seanggas-muhtun-nieiddain/

Oskal, S. M. R. (2017, November 22). DUŠŠE NRK›S RUTIINNAT hábmejuvvon seksuálalaš loaavkašuhttima várás. Ávvir.

Oskal, S. M. R. (2018a, January 10). Vásihii seksuála loavkašuhttima Beaivvážis: – Lean suhttan sidjiide geat leat fápmosajádagain. Ávvir. https://www.avvir.no/vasihii-seksuala-loavkasuhttima-beaivvazis-lean-suhttan-sidjiide-geat-leat-fapmosajadagain/

Oskal, S. M. R. (2018b, January 13). Háliidan teáhtera ÁTNUT ÁNDAGASSII. Ávvir.

Parkinson, B. (1996). Emotions are social. British Journal of Psychology, 87(4), 663–683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02615.x

Patrick, R., McLaughlin, J., King-Smith, L., Schultz, T., Thomson, T., & Dezuanni, M. (2024). Unlearning journalism through decolonising, Indigenous approaches. Journalism. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241305363

Paulsen, S. P. (2018, January 31). Politikerne skjønte ikke at de snakket om seksuell trakassering. NRK Sápmi. https://www.nrk.no/sapmi/politikerne-skjonte-ikke-at-de-snakket-om-seksuell-trakassering-1.13882632

Plaut, S. (2014). Nation-building, not “Resistance Radio”: Self determination, the State, & Saami media. Nordicom Review, 35(1), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2014-0006

Reestorff, C. M. (2019). Affective politics and involuntary autoethnography: Backlashes against #MeToo. Capacious. Journal for Emerging Affect Inquiry, 1(4), ii–xix. https://doi.org/10.22387/CAP2019.32

Rentschler, C. A. (2010). Trauma training and the reparative work of journalism. Cultural Studies, 24(4), 447–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380903215275

Risbakken, K. (2018). “Råd for å unngå voldtekt”: Voldtekt smyter i norske aviser—En kvantitativ innholdsanalyse av norsk presses fremstilling av voldtektssaker [Master’s thesis, University of Oslo].

Skogerbø, E. (2001). Sami media—Identity projects in a changing society. In K. Ross & P. Playdon (Eds.), Black marks: Minority ethnic audiences and media (pp. 157–175). Routledge.

Solaas, S. (2018, June 20). Ikke ferdig med seksuell trakassering. Ságat. https://www.sagat.no/ikke-ferdig-med-seksuell-trakassering/19.12940

Somby, L. I. (2016). Mus lea ollu muitalit, muhto dus lea nu unnán áigi [Master’s thesis, Sámi Allaskuvla].

Stoor, J. P. A., Berntsen, G., Hjelmeland, H., & Silviken, A. (2019). ‘If you do not birget [manage] then you don’t belong here’: A qualitative focus group study on the cultural meanings of suicide among Indigenous Sámi in arctic Norway. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 78(1), Article 1565861. https://doi.org/10.1080/22423982.2019.1565861

Storøy Elnan, T. (2019). After #MeToo: How the campaign changed the way Norwegian journalists write about rape. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.

Swahnberg, I. M. K., & Wijma, B. (2003). The NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ): Validation of new measures of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and abuse in the health care system among women. European Journal of Public Health, 13(4), 361–366. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/13.4.361

Thomas, A. (2024). ‘We cracked a hole in this very white structure’: Indigenous journalism practices in mainstream Australian news organisations. Media, Culture & Society, 46(8), 1657–1673. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437241270952

Tuhiwai Smith, L. (2012). Decolonizing methodologies. Zed Books.

Türkarslan, K. K., & Kozak, E. D. (2025). Exploring the evil eye beliefs: A quantitative study. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 10(2), 313–328. https://doi.org/10.37898/spiritualpc.1587623

van Rjiswijk, H. (2020). #MeToo under colonialism: Conceptualising responsibility for sexual violence in Australia. Journal of Perpetrator Research, 3(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.21039/jpr.3.1.62

Vedvik, S. (2022). Media coverage of the metoo movement: Investigating differences across national contexts [Master’s thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology]. Norwegian Research Information Repository. https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3021086

Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2020). An emotional turn in journalism studies? Digital Journalism, 8(2), 175–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1697626

Publicado

29-12-2025

Como Citar

Vikander, S. (2025). “Não Se Pode Guardar em Algodão, Nem Embalar em Seda”: Experiências de Jornalistas Sámi na Cobertura da Violência Sexual. Comunicação E Sociedade, 48, e025025. https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.48(2025).6432

Edição

Secção

Artigos Temáticos

Artigos Similares

<< < 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 > >> 

Também poderá iniciar uma pesquisa avançada de similaridade para este artigo.