At the Digital Crossroads: The Attention Economy, Freedom of Expression, and Platform Regulation — Challenges and Prospects for Solutions in the European Union

Abstract

This article presents a literature review examining issues emerging from the contemporary digital landscape, with a particular focus on the complexities of digital platforms. These platforms often operate under business models that employ strategies deemed detrimental, either by excessively capturing users’ attention or facilitating the unrestricted circulation of harmful content. In this context, there is an urgent need for reflection and the development of regulatory frameworks to foster a safer and fairer online environment. However, a critical question arises: how will major technology companies (big tech) commit to imposing limits on content dissemination when such interactions are integral to their business models? This study explores key themes, including the attention economy and freedom of expression, offering a critical analysis of these concepts within the digital sphere. Additionally, it examines European Union legislation that has been in force since 2024, providing a regulatory perspective on addressing these challenges. The analysis highlights the social consequences of the attention economy and the complexities involved in regulating digital platforms.