Transformações nas Formas de Propriedade num Sistema Democrático Corporativo dos Média — O Impacto da Digitalização na Transparência e o Risco de Captura dos Média

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.46(2024).5691

Palavras-chave:

propriedade dos média, captura dos média, sistema democrático corporativo dos média, digitalização, transparência

Resumo

A digitalização provocou uma crise nos média tradicionais e uma reviravolta na sua propriedade. As motivações dos proprietários dos meios de comunicação para transitar de uma lógica financeira e de serviço público para uma agenda claramente política e ideológica têm sido uma das principais questões da investigação. O termo “captura dos média” foi proposto para descrever como vários interesses podem assumir o controlo dos média. Este artigo contribui para o estudo do impacto da digitalização na propriedade dos média de três formas. Em primeiro lugar, a nossa análise fundamenta-se em novos parâmetros analíticos desenvolvidos no âmbito do Euromedia Ownership Monitor. Em segundo lugar, comparamos os tipos de propriedade entre os média tradicionais e os digitais, uma vez que cada um enfrenta riscos distintos relativamente à captura. Por último, centramo-nos na transparência da propriedade, particularmente no que diz respeito aos proprietários efetivos. O nosso estudo de caso é a Dinamarca, que integra o sistema democrático corporativo dos média e, com base em classificações internacionais, é considerado um dos sistemas de média mais democráticos e transparentes da Europa. Concluímos que a maioria da imprensa tradicional privada é propriedade de fundações sem fins lucrativos, enquanto os média tradicionais de serviço público são propriedade do Estado ou estão registados como propriedade própria. Relativamente aos novos média digitais, encontramos várias formas de propriedade. Contudo, apenas os novos média digitais pertencem a um único proprietário. No que diz respeito à transparência, constatamos que a informação sobre os proprietários diretos e beneficiários é mais acessível nos média tradicionais do que nos novos média digitais. Constatamos não haver tradição de divulgar possíveis filiações de “pessoas singulares” a interesses políticos ou comerciais. O que se revela especialmente pertinente, uma vez que os novos média digitais, ao contrário dos tradicionais, são por vezes detidos e financiados por investidores privados, cujos principais interesses comerciais se encontram fora do setor e cujas motivações para deter um meio de comunicação social podem diferir das da propriedade tradicional, aumentando assim o risco de captura dos média pela propriedade.

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Biografias Autor

Mark Blach-Ørsten, Department of Communication & Arts, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Dinamarca

Mark Blach-Ørsten é professor de Jornalismo na Universidade de Roskilde. Os seus interesses de investigação centram-se em questões relacionadas com os média e a democracia, abrangendo temas como a comunicação política, a utilização dos média, a ética do jornalismo, os sistemas de média, o lobbying, a propriedade dos média, a cobertura eleitoral e a europeização.

Ida Willig, Department of Communication & Arts, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Dinamarca

Ida Willig é professora e diretora de Humanidades na Universidade de Roskilde. A sua área de investigação é a sociologia dos média e tem publicado extensivamente sobre jornalismo, produção de notícias e lobbying.

Mads Kæmsgaard, Department of Communication & Arts, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Dinamarca

Mads Kæmsgaard Eberholst é professor de Jornalismo na Universidade de Roskilde. Os seus interesses de investigação incluem a utilização dos média, a propriedade dos média, a europeização e a cobertura eleitoral.

Rasmus Burkal, Investigador independente, Dinamarca

Rasmus Burkal é um investigador independente. O seu trabalho incide sobre o jornalismo e a credibilidade, as cartas ao editor, a cobertura eleitoral e a propriedade dos média.

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Publicado

06-11-2024

Como Citar

Blach-Ørsten, M., Willig, I., Kæmsgaard, M., & Burkal, R. (2024). Transformações nas Formas de Propriedade num Sistema Democrático Corporativo dos Média — O Impacto da Digitalização na Transparência e o Risco de Captura dos Média. Comunicação E Sociedade, 46, e024023. https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.46(2024).5691

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